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法律

亞洲再保證法對台灣保證了啥?

某些大媽看到美國國會通過、川普簽署「Asia Reassurance Initiative Act of 2018(ARIA)」就高潮,只能說你們體質真虛。
裡頭關於台灣的保證部分全文如下:

“SEC. 209. Commitment to Taiwan.(a) United States commitment to Taiwan.—It is the policy of the United States—
(1) to support the close economic, political, and security relationship between Taiwan and the United States;
(2) to faithfully enforce all existing United States Government commitments to Taiwan, consistent with the Taiwan Relations Act of 1979 (Public Law 96–8), the 3 joint communiques, and the Six Assurances agreed to by President Ronald Reagan in July 1982; and
(3) to counter efforts to change the status quo and to support peaceful resolution acceptable to both sides of the Taiwan Strait.
(b) Arms sales to Taiwan.—The President should conduct regular transfers of defense articles to Taiwan that are tailored to meet the existing and likely future threats from the People’s Republic of China, including supporting the efforts of Taiwan to develop and integrate asymmetric capabilities, as appropriate, including mobile, survivable, and cost-effective capabilities, into its military forces.
(c) Travel.—The President should encourage the travel of highlevel United States officials to Taiwan, in accordance with the Taiwan Travel Act (Public Law 115–135)."


請特別注意這段文字:「(2) to faithfully enforce all existing United States Government commitments to Taiwan, consistent with the Taiwan Relations Act of 1979 (Public Law 96–8), the 3 joint communiques, and the Six Assurances agreed to by President Ronald Reagan in July 1982; and 」 — 貫徹既有美國政府對台灣的承諾,以遵從台灣關係法、三中美聯合公報與雷根總統的六項承諾為前提。

三中美聯合公報說啥?

《上海公報》的主要內容包括:美方認知到(英文為acknowledge)海峽兩岸都堅持一個中國,台灣是中國的一部分。並對這一立場不提出異議(not to challenge),它重申它對由中國人自己和平解決台灣問題的關心,並隨著地區緊張局勢的緩和將逐步減少在台美軍設施和武裝力量。

《中美建交公報》:美國在該公報中首次承認「中華人民共和國政府是中國的唯一合法政府」,但就保留與台灣的非官方往來。美利堅合眾國政府承認中國的立場,即只有一個中國,台灣是中國的一部分(The Government of the United States of America acknowledges the Chinese position that there is but one China and Taiwan is part of China.)。

《八一七公報》:向台灣出售的武器在性能和數量上將不超過中美建交後近幾年供應的水平;準備逐步減少它對台灣的武器出售;經過一段時間最終得到解決。

雷根的六項承諾,以2016年5月16日,法案於眾議院通過之版本:
美國不贊成對臺軍售設定期限﹔(We did not agree to set a date certain for ending arms sales to Taiwan)美國並不尋求為臺灣與中華人民共和國之間作調停﹔(We see no mediation role for the United States between Taiwan and the PRC)美國也不會施加壓力要求臺灣與中華人民共和國談判﹔(Nor will we attempt to exert pressure on Taiwan to enter into negotiations with the PRC)美國對臺灣主權的長期立場沒有改變﹔(There has been no change in our longstanding position on the issue of sovereignty over Taiwan)美國並無計劃修改臺灣關係法﹔及 (We have no plans to seek revisions to the Taiwan Relations Act; and)八一七公報的內容並不表示美國對臺軍售之前會徵詢北京意見。(the August 17 Communiqué, should not be read to imply that we have agreed to engage in prior consultations with Beijing on arms sales to Taiwan)
說到底,美國的法律明文立場都是:台灣是中國的一部分,台灣與美國之間只會有「非官方關係」。

所以ARIA保證了啥?啥屁都沒有啊~

更重要的是,也是我過去評論台灣關係法或台灣旅行法等法案指出的重點:這些法律,包含甫簽署的ARIA,都沒有「懲罰條款」。換言之,這只是國會的政策宣誓法案,美國政府換了總統後不照做會有怎樣的法律後果?沒有。

喔~我還忘了說,某些聲稱美國會據此ARIA法案幫台灣對中國出兵的笨蛋顯然沒看到ARIA法案的最後一條:

SEC. 412. Savings provision.
Nothing in this Act may be construed as authorizing the use of military force.
(此法並未授權使用軍事武力)

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