Introduction | 簡介
The Earth’s atmosphere is divided into several distinct layers, each with unique characteristics and functions. This material provides a comprehensive overview of these atmospheric layers for Chinese speakers with high school education or above.
地球的大氣層分為幾個不同的層次，每個層次都有其獨特的特性和功能。本教材為母語是中文、具有高中或以上教育程度的人士提供了這些大氣層的全面概述。
Primary Atmospheric Divisions | 大氣層主要劃分
Homosphere and Heterosphere | 均質層和非均質層
Homosphere (均質層)
The lower portion of the atmosphere, extending from the Earth’s surface to approximately 80-100 km (50-62 miles)
Characterized by relatively uniform gas composition due to mixing
大氣層的下部分，從地球表面延伸至約80-100公里（50-62英里）高度
因混合作用而具有相對均勻的氣體成分
Heterosphere (非均質層)
The upper portion of the atmosphere, located above 80-100 km (50-62 miles)
Gas composition varies with altitude due to gravitational separation
大氣層的上部分，位於80-100公里（50-62英里）以上
因重力分離作用，氣體成分隨高度變化
Vertical Structure of the Atmosphere | 大氣層的垂直結構
Troposphere | 對流層
Altitude: 0-18 km (0-11 miles)
Where life exists and weather phenomena occur
Contains approximately 75% of the atmosphere’s mass and 99% of its water vapor
Temperature decreases with height
高度：0-18公里（0-11英里）
生命存在和天氣現象發生的區域
包含大氣總質量的約75%和水蒸氣的99%
溫度隨高度降低
Tropopause (對流層頂)
The boundary layer between the troposphere and stratosphere
對流層和平流層之間的邊界層
Stratosphere | 平流層
Altitude: 18-50 km (11-30 miles)
Contains the ozone layer (ozonesphere) which absorbs UV radiation
Temperature increases with height due to ozone absorption of solar radiation
高度：18-50公里（11-30英里）
包含吸收紫外線輻射的臭氧層
由於臭氧吸收太陽輻射，溫度隨高度上升
Stratopause (平流層頂)
The boundary layer between the stratosphere and mesosphere
平流層和中間層之間的邊界層
Mesosphere | 中間層
Altitude: 50-80 km (31-50 miles)
Also known as the lower ionosphere
Features airglow and an ozone band
Temperature decreases with height
高度：50-80公里（31-50英里）
也稱為低電離層
具有大氣輝光和臭氧帶
溫度隨高度降低
Mesopause (中間層頂)
The boundary layer between the mesosphere and thermosphere
The coldest region of the atmosphere
中間層和熱層之間的邊界層
大氣層中最冷的區域
Thermosphere | 熱層
Altitude: 80-400 km (50-250 miles)
Temperature increases dramatically with height
Contains charged particles that absorb X-rays and UV radiation
高度：80-400公里（50-250英里）
溫度隨高度顯著上升
包含吸收X射線和紫外線輻射的帶電粒子
Thermopause (熱層頂)
The boundary layer between the thermosphere and exosphere
熱層和外逸層之間的邊界層
Exosphere/Magnetosphere | 外逸層/磁層
Altitude: 400-64,000 km (250-40,000 miles)
The outermost layer of Earth’s atmosphere
Merges with interplanetary space
Protected by Earth’s magnetic field
高度：400-64,000公里（250-40,000英里）
地球大氣層的最外層
與行星際空間融合
受地球磁場保護
I
onospheric Regions | 電離層區域
The ionosphere is divided into several regions that affect radio wave propagation:
電離層分為幾個影響無線電波傳播的區域：
D-Region (D區)
Altitude: 56-88 km (35-55 miles)
Absorbs energy of short-wave radio waves reflected by other layers
Only present during daylight hours
高度：56-88公里（35-55英里）
吸收被其他層反射的短波無線電波的能量
僅在日光時段存在
E-Region (E區) / Kennelly-Heaviside Layer
Altitude: 88-154 km (55-95 miles)
Reflects radio waves during daylight hours
高度：88-154公里（55-95英里）
在日光時段反射無線電波
F-Region (F區) / Appleton Layer
Altitude: 154-400 km (95-250 miles)
Reflects radio waves of up to 50 MHz
Split into F1 and F2 layers during the day, merges at night
Most important layer for long-distance radio communication
高度：154-400公里（95-250英里）
反射頻率高達50兆赫茲的無線電波
白天分為F1和F2層，夜間合併
遠距離無線電通信最重要的層
Key Atmospheric Functions | 大氣層關鍵功能
Protection from harmful solar radiation | 保護免受有害太陽輻射
Temperature regulation | 溫度調節
Facilitation of radio communication | 促進無線電通信
Support for weather phenomena | 支持天氣現象
Preservation of life on Earth | 維持地球生命
Conclusion | 結論
Understanding the structure and functions of Earth’s atmospheric layers is crucial for meteorology, telecommunications, aviation, and environmental science. Each layer plays a vital role in maintaining Earth’s habitable conditions and supporting various human activities.
瞭解地球大氣層的結構和功能對氣象學、電信、航空和環境科學至關重要。每一層在維持地球宜居條件和支持各種人類活動方面都發揮著重要作用。
元毓說 