小行星撞擊危險程度量表ASTEROID IMPACT HAZARD SCALE

(The Torino Scale categorizes the impact hazard of asteroids and comets.) （托里諾量表用於分類小行星和彗星的撞擊危險。）

0—White, No Hazard: The likelihood of a collision is zero, or is so low as to be effectively zero. Also applies to small objects such as meteors and bodies that burn up in the atmosphere as well as infrequent meteorite falls that rarely cause damage.

0—白色，無危險： 碰撞的可能性為零，或低到可以視為零。也適用於如流星等小型物體和在大氣層中燃燒殆盡的天體，以及很少造成損害的罕見隕石墜落事件。

1—Green, Normal: A routine discovery in which a pass near the earth is predicted that poses no unusual level of danger. Current calculations show the chance of collision is extremely unlikely with no cause for public attention or public concern. New telescopic observations very likely will lead to reassignment to Level 0.

1—綠色，正常： 一種常規發現，預測到近地飛行但不構成不尋常危險程度。目前計算顯示碰撞的可能性極低，無需公眾關注或擔憂。新的望遠鏡觀測很可能將其重新歸類為0級。

2—Yellow, Meriting Attention: A discovery, which may become routine with expanded searches, of an object making a somewhat close but not highly unusual pass near the earth. While meriting attention by astronomers, there is no cause for public attention or public concern as an actual collision is very unlikely. New telescopic observations very likely will lead to reassignment to Level 0.

2—黃色，值得關注： 一種可能隨著擴大搜索而變得常見的發現，關於物體進行某種程度接近但並非高度不尋常的近地飛行。雖然值得天文學家關注，但由於實際碰撞的可能性很低，因此無需公眾關注或擔憂。新的望遠鏡觀測很可能將其重新歸類為0級。

3—Yellow, Meriting Attention: A close encounter, meriting attention by astronomers. Current calculations give a 1% or greater chance of collision capable of localized destruction. Most likely, new telescopic observations will lead to reassignment to Level 0. Attention by public and by public officials is merited if the encounter is less than a decade away.

3—黃色，值得關注： 一次近距離接觸，值得天文學家關注。目前計算顯示有1%或更高的可能性發生能造成局部破壞的碰撞。最有可能的是，新的望遠鏡觀測將導致重新歸類為0級。如果接觸時間在十年之內，公眾和政府官員的關注是應當的。

4—Yellow, Meriting Attention: A close encounter, meriting attention by astronomers. Current calculations give a 1% or greater chance of collision capable of regional devastation. Most likely, new telescopic observations will lead to reassignment to Level 0. Attention by public and by public officials is merited if the encounter is less than a decade away.

4—黃色，值得關注： 一次近距離接觸，值得天文學家關注。目前計算顯示有1%或更高的可能性發生能造成區域性災難的碰撞。最有可能的是，新的望遠鏡觀測將導致重新歸類為0級。如果接觸時間在十年之內，公眾和政府官員的關注是應當的。

5—Orange, Threatening: A close encounter posing a serious but still uncertain threat of regional devastation. Critical attention by astronomers is needed to determine conclusively whether or not a collision will occur. If the encounter is less than a decade away, governmental contingency planning may be warranted.

5—橙色，威脅性： 一次近距離接觸，構成嚴重但仍不確定的區域性災難威脅。需要天文學家的密切關注以確定性地判斷是否會發生碰撞。如果接觸時間在十年之內，政府應急計劃可能是必要的。

6—Orange, Threatening: A close encounter by a large object posing a serious but still uncertain threat of a global catastrophe. Critical attention by astronomers is needed to determine conclusively whether or not a collision will occur. If the encounter is less than three decades away, governmental contingency planning may be warranted.

6—橙色，威脅性： 一個大型物體的近距離接觸，構成嚴重但仍不確定的全球性災難威脅。需要天文學家的密切關注以確定性地判斷是否會發生碰撞。如果接觸時間在三十年之內，政府應急計劃可能是必要的。

7—Orange, Threatening: A very close encounter by a large object, which if occurring this century, poses an unprecedented but still uncertain threat of a global catastrophe. For such a threat in this century, international contingency planning is warranted, especially to determine urgently and conclusively whether or not a collision will occur.

7—橙色，威脅性： 一個大型物體的非常近距離接觸，若發生在本世紀，將構成前所未有但仍不確定的全球性災難威脅。對於本世紀的此類威脅，國際應急計劃是必要的，特別是迫切且確定性地判斷是否會發生碰撞。

8—Red, Certain Collision: A collision is certain, capable of causing localized destruction for an impact over land or possibly a tsunami if close offshore. Such events occur on average between once per 50 years and once per several thousand years.

8—紅色，確定碰撞： 碰撞是確定的，能夠在陸地上造成局部破壞，或在近海處可能引發海嘯。此類事件平均每50年至數千年發生一次。

9—Red, Certain Collision: A collision is certain, capable of causing unprecedented regional devastation for a land impact or the threat of a major tsunami for an ocean impact. Such events occur on average between once per 10,000 years and once per 100,000 years.

9—紅色，確定碰撞： 碰撞是確定的，能夠對陸地造成前所未有的區域性災難，或對海洋造成重大海嘯威脅。此類事件平均每10,000年至100,000年發生一次。

10—Red, Certain Collision: A collision is certain, capable of causing global climatic catastrophe that may threaten the future of civilization as we know it, whether impacting land or ocean. Such events occur on average once per 100,000 years, or less often.

10—紅色，確定碰撞： 碰撞是確定的，能夠引起全球性氣候災難，無論撞擊陸地或海洋，都可能威脅我們所知的文明未來。此類事件平均每100,000年或更長時間發生一次。