(The Big Bang was a rapid expansion, not a violent explosion.) (宇宙大爆炸是一次快速膨脹,而非劇烈爆炸。)
1. Gravity separated from three other forces—electromagnetic and the strong and weak nuclear forces (took 10^-43 seconds; before 10^-43 seconds is called Planck time)
1. 重力與其他三種力——電磁力以及強弱核力分離(耗時10^-43秒;10^-43秒之前的時期被稱為普朗克時間)
2. Strong and weak nuclear forces and electromagnetic force separated (took 10^-10 seconds)
2. 強核力、弱核力和電磁力相互分離(耗時10^-10秒)
3. Cosmic inflation occurred
3. 宇宙暴脹發生
4. Quarks combined to form particles (took 10 microseconds)
4. 夸克結合形成粒子(耗時10微秒)
5. The nuclei of light atoms formed (took 3 minutes)
5. 輕原子核形成(耗時3分鐘)
6. The first true complex atoms formed (took 500,000 years)
6. 第一批真正的複雜原子形成(耗時50萬年)
7. Gaseous clouds of hydrogen and helium began to condense into protogalaxies and stars (several hundred million to a billion years)
7. 氫和氦的氣體雲開始凝聚成原始星系和恆星(耗時數億至十億年)