b. 我們看到很多台灣所謂的「醫療專業」跟你談偽陽性問題,卻沒跟你談西醫的「誤診率」其實並不低。根據哈佛醫學院的研究,醫生在可預防診斷錯誤(preventable erros)有17%,又根據長達40年的遺體解剖回推研究得知醫生誤診率有9%,進一步看重大錯誤率中位數是23.5%,第一型錯誤率中位數是9%。 所謂「重大錯誤」是指醫生對死者的死因根本搞錯了。 所謂第一型錯誤是指醫生判定患者沒得什麼疾病,但事實上有。
重點: Mr. Trump’s timing is right because the American public is beginning to see that the economic harm from lockdowns is also a disaster. Twenty million jobless in four weeks and food lines are a human tragedy. The longer the lockdowns the more long-term damage there will be in lost human and physical capital—and the weaker the recovery. Americans want to defeat Covid-19, and they have shown they will sacrifice to do it, but they don’t want poverty to be the price they have to pay for victory. (4週內2000萬人失業是人類悲劇。封鎖時間越長則對人力資源與資本的長期傷害就越嚴重,且復原也越無力。美國當然願意為戰勝COVID-19犧牲,但絕不是以「落入貧窮」為代價)
重點: 1. 以近日史丹福大學在Santa Clara郡(恰好我也在此居住過兩年)研究發現實際受感染者的數量遠大於已知,可能佔該區總人口2.5%~4.5%之間,換算推估的受感染者應是目前確診數量的50~85倍。 然而,從好的一面看,不但感染數可能更接近流行性感冒,以這個角度看COVID-19的病死率可能也遠比目前推估的來得更低且更接近流感。 2. 作者問:「Yet if policy makers were aware from the outset that the Covid-19 death toll would be closer to that of seasonal flu than the millions of American deaths predicted by early models dependent on inputs that now look inaccurate, would they have risked tens of millions of jobs and livelihoods? (若執政者了解COVID-19的死亡率初期預估是錯誤的,則他們還願意以幾千萬失業與生計為代價執行現在的隔離政策嗎?)